Wireless Volume Corrector for Natural Gas Flow Metering Using ESP32 Microcontroller and Open-Source Web Server
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62527/joiv.8.3.2160
Abstract
The measurement of gas flow in energy transactions from an energy-producing company to an energy user is essential to evaluate, considering that measurement errors can accumulate, and losses can occur, which will be ongoing. The gas measurement process begins with measuring pressure and temperature parameters and the gas flow volume transacted. Then, the measured gas volume will be converted into a standard volume as the basis for gas buying and selling transactions (custody). This article conveys that a wireless volume corrector has been designed using the ESP32 microcontroller with Wi-Fi communication that can be integrated with the internet to support automatic meter reading systems. The measured data is collected in a database server using XAMPP, an open-system web server. Data stored on the database server is displayed via a web browser with a display of the last 5 data entered the web server. The web browser display is refreshed every second so that the display on the web browser is a live or online display. This research resulted in temperature, pressure, actual flow, and volume standard measurements with an error below 0.1%, which met the metrology requirements, instilling confidence in the system's reliability. This research proves that realizing a volume corrector with IoT technology can be done cheaply.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
J. Williams, "Considerations When Determining the Method of Sale for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)," Weights and Measures Connection, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1-4, 2016.
A. J. Kidnay, W. R. Parish and D. G. McCarney, Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, Third Edition, Boca Raton, https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429464942: CRC Press, 2019.
D. B. Stoica, C. N. Eparu, A. Neacsa, A. P. Prundurel and B. N. Simescu, "Investigation of the gas losses in transmission networks," Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, vol. 12, pp. 1668 - 1676, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01426-5, 2022.
C. N. Eparu, A. Neacsa and D. B. Stoica, "Gas Losses in the Distribution Networks: An Interdisciplinary Analysis," Energies, vol. 16, no. 196, p. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010196, 2023.
G. Ficco, M. Dell’Isola, P. Vigo and L. Celensa, "Uncertainty analysis of energy measurements in natural gas transmission networks," Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, vol. 42, pp. 58 - 68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2015.01.006, 2015.
H. Chang and J. Duan, "Natural gas measurement technology system and its prospect in China," Natural Gas Industry B, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 370-379, 2020.
F. Cimerman, M. Jarm, B. Širok and B. Blagojevič, "Taking in Account Measuring Errors of Volume Conversion Devices in Measuring of the Volume of Natural Gas," Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 95-104, DOI:10.5545/sv-jme.2015.2948, 2016.
A. A. E. Satellou, "Evaluation of Natural Gas Electronic Corrector’s Software Performance According AGA NX-19," 4th Iranian Flow Measurement Conference and Exihibision, 2019.
M. Shaikh, Z. Qureshi, H. H. Sheikh and M. Sami, "The Adoption of Mobile App for Automating Gas Meter Reading in Industry 4.0," 7th International Electrical Engineering Conference, vol. 20, no. 1, p. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2022020032, 2022.
P. R. Malhotra and R. Seethalakshmi, "Automatic Meter Reading and Theft Control System by Using GSM," International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 806-810, 2013.
D. Mlakić, S. Nikolovski and E. Alibašić, "Designing Automatic Meter Reading System Using Open Source Hardware and Software," International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 3282-3281, ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3282-3291 , 2017.
P. Satish, R. Asokan, S. Bharathwaj and S. N, "Automated Meter Reading System - A Study," International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 18, pp. 39 - 46, DOI: 10.5120/20440-2783, 2015.
L. Cao, J. Tian and Y. Liu, "Remote Wireless Automatic Meter Reading System Based on Wireless Mesh Networks and Embedded Technology," 2008 Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Embedded Computing, pp. 192-197, DOI: 10.1109/SEC.2008.57, 2008.
M. Babiuch, P. Foltýnek and P. Smutný, "Using the ESP32 Microcontroller for Data Processing," Proceedings of 20th International Carpathian Control Conference ICCC, pp. 88 - 93, DOI: 10.1109/CarpathianCC.2019.8765944., 2019.
N. R. Dissanayake and K. A. Dias, "Web-based Applications: Extending the General Perspective of the Service of Web," in 10th International Research Conference of KDU (KDU-IRC 2017) on Changing Dynamics in the Global Environment: Challenges and Opportunities, Rathmalana, Sri Lanka, 2017.
Alibaba, "auto electronic volume corrector EVC natural gas turbine flow meter," Kaifeng Philemon Instrument Co., Ltd., 25 October 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/auto-electronic-volume-corrector-EVC-natural_1600073303782.html?spm=a2700.galleryofferlist.normal_offer.d_price.2a9749d5HMw9UF. [Accessed 25 October 2023].
B. Standard, Gas Meters - Conversion Devices Part 1 Volume Conversion, Brussels: European Committe For Standardization , 2011.
American Gas Association (AGA), "Measurement of Natural Gas by Turbine Meters (AGA Report No. 7)," American Gas Association (AGA), 2006.
T. R. Kuphaldt, Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation, https://ibiblio.org/kuphaldt/socratic/sinst/book/liii_0v2.pdf, 2008.
J. Almeida, J. A. Velasquez and R. Barbieri, "A Methodology for Calculating the Natural Gas Compressibility Factor for a Distribution Network," Petroleum Science and Technology, vol. 32, no. 21, pp. 2616 - 2624, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2012.755194, 2014.
Espressif Systems, "ESP32¬WROOM¬32E ESP32¬WROOM¬32UE Data Sheet," www.espressif.com, 2022.
D. Hercog, T. Lerher, M. Truntiˇc and O. Težak, "Design and Implementation of ESP32-Based IoT Devices," Sensors, vol. 23, pp. 6739, https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156739, 2023.
Y. S. Parihar, "Internet of Things and Nodemcu review of use of Nodemcu ESP8266 in IoT products," Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1085 - 1088, ISSN : 2349 - 5162, 2019.
S. Kumar, "A Review On Client Server Based Application And Research Opportunity," International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 33857-33862, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2019.1007.3768, 2019.
J. G. Pfost, "Creating Local Web Server Using XAMPP," https://www.academia.edu/4028777/Creating_a_Local_Web_Server_Using_XAMPPPackage_Description, California, 2008.
M. Rosyida, "Pengertian XAMPP dan Fungsi, Serta Cara Menggunakan XAMPP," 28 March 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.domainesia.com/berita/cara-menggunakan-xampp. [Accessed 1 July 2023].
A. W. Wardhana and M. I. Zulfa, "The Use of Instrumentation Amplifiers and V-I Converter In a Process Control : Simulation and Implementation," Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro, vol. 8, no. 3, p. https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v8n3.664.2019, 2019.
I. P. A. W. Widyatmika, N. P. A. W. Indrawati, I. W. W. A. Prasetya, I. K. Darminta, I. G. N. Sangka and A. A. N. G. Spteka, "Perbandingan Kinerja Arduino Uno dan ESP32 Terhadap Pengukuran Arus dan Tegangan," Jurnal Otomasi, Kontrol & Instrumentasi, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 37 - 45, 2021.
L. Amjudin, "Using the Arduino Software (IDE)," 07 July 2023. [Online]. Available: https://docs.arduino.cc/learn/starting-guide/the-arduino-software-ide.
J. Letkowski, "Doing database design with MySQL," Journal of Technology Research, vol. 6, pp. 1 - 5, 2015.
D. P. Konsumen, "Syarat Teknik Meter Arus BBM dan Produk Terkait, Pompa Ukur BBM dan LPG". Indonesia Patent 121, 31 August 2020.
M. Suznjevic and J. Saldana, "Delay Limits for Real-Time Services," Transport Area Working Group, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 2016.